1. Abdomen terminated in one simple lobe, which may bear a pair of setal tufts. . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Abdomen terminate in pair of lobes, or slender sclerotized processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Abdominal segments III, IV, and V each with two pairs of hook plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Abdominal segment III with no more than one pair of hook plates, segments IV and V each with two pairs of hook pates, or two pairs of hook plates present only on segment V. . . . . . 4
3. Mandible with both apical teeth and subapical teeth; body length typically greater than 5 mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhyacophilidae
Mandible with only apical teeth or points; body length typically less than 5 mm. Hydroptilidae
4. Abdominal segment IV with one pair of hook plates; segment V with two pairs of hook plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philopotamidae
Abdominal segments IV and V each with two pairs of hook plates. . . . . . . . Glossosomatidae
5. Mandible with both apical teeth and subapical teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mandible with only single apical point or tooth, in a few grops with srrations along mesal edge; or mandible sometimes shorter than labrum and semi-membranous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Abdominal segments III and IV each with two pairs of hook plates; segment B with only one pair of hook plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydropsychidae
Abdominal segments III and IV with one pair of hook plates; segment V with two pairs of hook plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. Abdomen terminated by one or more pairs of apically rounded semi-membranous lobes, or by short, broad, truncate and more sclerotized lobes that are typically concave dorsally or caudally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Abdomen terminated by one pair of clerotized processes, typically slender and elongate, but sometimes triangular or conical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Abdominal segment I wihg median dorsal lobe or ridge; anal lobe short, broad more or less truncate and typically concave dorsally or caudally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phryganeidae
Abdominal segment I without median dorsal ridge, anal lobe simple and rounded, bearing tufts of setae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Abdominal segment II without hook plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Abdominal segment II with hook plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10. Terminal abdominal segment with short lobe on each side of longer anal lobe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dipseudopsidae
Terminal abdominal segment with only single pair of apical lobes. . . . . . . Polycentropodidae
11. Abdominal segment VIII with hook plates; segment V with posterior hook plates (Vp) much wider than long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychomyiidae
12. Antenna markedly longer than body and coiled around end of abdomen . . . . . . Leptoceridae
Antenna little, if any, longer than body and not coiled around end of abdomen. . . . . . . . . . . 13
13. Labrum with major setae hooked apically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Labrum with setae typically straight apically and not hooked, although slightly inflected in some groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
14. Abdomen with dense lateral fringe of hair-like filaments on several segments. . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Abdomen without lateral fringe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
15. Abdomen with anterior hook plates each bearing 2 or more hooks; anal processes not tapered or curved dorsad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helicopsychidae, Helicopsyche borealis
16. Anal processes in dorsal aspect broad basally and angulate or pointed apically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leptosomatidae (in part)
Anal processes more slender throughout, and elongate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
17. Anal processes closely approximated basally and widely divergent apically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Anal processes not widely divergent but subparallel over entire length, or sometimes crossed over one another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
18. Mandible with apex attenuated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Odontoceridae
Mandible with apex broadly pointed but not attenuated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Branchycentridae
19. Mandible elongate and slender, the blade confluent with base and bearing minute serrations along mesal edge; labrum with major setae straight apically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Molannidae
Mandible short, the blade typically abrupt narrowed from base and without minute mesal serrations; labrum with major setae hooked apically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
20. Anal processes broad basally, flattened, and angulate apically in dorsal view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lepidosomatidae (in part)
Anal processes usually slender and elongate, but sometimes shorter and/or conical, or with hooked apical spur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
21. Abdomen with lateral fringe of slender filaments absent, although isolated patches may occur ventrally on one segment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uenoidae (Uenoinae)
Abdomen with lateral fringe of filaments continuous over several segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
22. Morphological characters diagnostic for pupae of remaining families have not been resolved, but the cases in which larvae pupae provide some distinguishing features (cases for North American genera illustrated by Wiggins, 1996);
Goeridae: Anal processes either slender and elongate, or shorter and conical. Pupal cases of rock fragments only; in cases of common genera, ballast stones fixed symmetrically along each side.
Limnephilidae: Pupal cases typically of plant materials; cases of rock fragments alone are much less common, although planbt and rock materials are often combined. Anal processes typically elongate, but shorter in a few geners, sometimes conical and pointed or hooked apically.
Uenoidae (Thremmatinae): pupal cases of rock fragments alone; in cases of most common North American genus (Neophylax), ballast stones fixed asymmetrically along sides.
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Key to Caddisfly (Trichoptera) Pupae Families