Smith, D.G. 2001. Chapter 15.Arachnida (Water mites, spiders). (In). D.G. Smith. Pennak's Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States. John Wiley, New York.
Smith, I.M. 2016. Subclass Acari. (In) Chapter 16. Phylum Arthopoda. J.H. Thorp and D.C. Rogers. Keys to Nearctic Fauna. Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates - Volumn II. Elsevier. Amsterdam.